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2024 State Fact Sheet References

State Fact Sheet References

  1. This figure includes beneficiaries of Head Start, Early Head Start, CCDF, MIECHV, state-funded Pre-K, and IDEA Parts B Sec. 619 and C. In some cases, children and families are served by more than one program.
  2. U.S. Census Bureau, 2022: ACS 5-Year Estimates, Table B09001.
  3. Sandra Bishop, Ph.D.,  “$122 Billion: The Growing, Annual Cost of the Infant-Toddler Child Care Crisis,” ReadyNation, Council for a Strong America (2023).
  4. U.S. Census Bureau, 2022: ACS 5-Year Estimates, Table B09001.
  5. U.S. Census Bureau, 2022: ACS 5-Year Estimates, Table B23008.
  6.  Child Care Aware of America, “Price of Care: 2023,” Child Care at a Standstill: Price and Landscape Analysis, (2024).
  7.  Ibid.
  8. Linda K. Smith, Anubhav Bagley, and Benjamin Wolters, “Child Care in 35 States: What we know and don’t know,” Bipartisan Policy Center (2021).
  9. Sandra Bishop, Ph.D.,  “$122 Billion: The Growing, Annual Cost of the Infant-Toddler Child Care Crisis,” ReadyNation, Council for a Strong America (2023).
  10.  Child Care Aware of America, “Price of Care: 2023,” Child Care at a Standstill: Price and Landscape Analysis, (2024).
  11.  Ibid.
  12.  Ibid.
  13.  Ibid.
  14.  Ibid.
  15.  Ibid.
  16.  U.S. Census Bureau, 2022: ACS 1-Year Estimate, Table B09001, ACS 1-Year Estimates Public Use Microdata Sample Data, and Administration for Children and Families (ACF), LIHEAP IM-2020-02 State Median Income Estimates for Optional Use in FY 2020 and Mandatory Use in FY 2021
    NOTE: This number/percentage is based on federal eligibility guidelines.
  17. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), “FY 2021 Preliminary Data Table 1 – Average Monthly Adjusted Number of Families and Children Served”; Administration for Children and Families (ACF), “FY 2021 Preliminary Data Table 9 – Average Monthly Percentages of Children in Care by Age Group”
  18. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), “FY 2021 Preliminary Data Table 1 – Average Monthly Adjusted Number of Families and Children Served”; Administration for Children and Families (ACF), “FY 2021 Preliminary Data Table 9 – Average Monthly Percentages of Children in Care by Age Group”; Administration for Children and Families (ACF), “LIHEAP IM-2020-02 State Median Income Estimates for Optional Use in FY 2020 and Mandatory Use in FY 2021”; U.S. Census Bureau, 2022: ACS 1-Year Estimate Table B09001; U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 1-Year Estimates, 1-Year Estimates Public Use Microdata Sample
    • NOTE: This number/percentage is based on federal eligibility guidelines. 
  19. U.S Census Bureau, 2022 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate, Table B17001
    • Note on Methodology: Head start eligibility is estimated using the best available data. The Census 2022 ACS 5-year estimate is the most recent and accurate population estimate for children under 6 in poverty. Table B17001 disaggregates the data by age 0 to age 5, age 5, and age 6+. FFYF added the number of children in poverty ages 0 through age 5, and then divided by 6, evenly pro-rating this population of children into single-year age categories. Head Start eligibility is calculated as children ages 3 through 5 living in families with incomes below the federal poverty level.
  20.  Office of Head Start, Performance Indicator Report, Program Year 2023.
  21. U.S Census Bureau, 2022 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate, Table B17001; Office of Head Start, Performance Indicator Report, Program Year 2023.
  22. U.S Census Bureau, 2022 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate, Table B17001
    • Note on Methodology: Head start eligibility is estimated using the best available data. The Census 2022 ACS 5-year estimate is the most recent and accurate population estimate for children under 6 in poverty. Table B17001 disaggregates the data by age 0 to age 5, age 5, and age 6+. FFYF added the number of children in poverty ages 0 through age 5, and then divided by 6, evenly pro-rating this population of children into single-year age categories. Early Head Start eligibility is calculated as children ages 0 through 2 living in families with incomes below the federal poverty level.
  23. Office of Head Start, Performance Indicator Report, Program Year 2023. 
  24. U.S Census Bureau, 2022 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate, Table B17001; Office of Head Start, Performance Indicator Report, Program Year 2023.
  25. Allison H. Friedman-Krauss, Ph.D. W. Steven Barnett, Ph.D. Katherine S. Hodges, M.A. Karin A. Garver, M.A. Tracy Merriman Jost, M.Ed G.G. Weisenfeld, Ed.D. Jennifer K. Duer, Ph.D, “The State of Preschool 2023,” National Institute for Early Education Research NIEER (2024).
  26. Allison H. Friedman-Krauss, Ph.D. W. Steven Barnett, Ph.D. Katherine S. Hodges, M.A. Karin A. Garver, M.A. Tracy Merriman Jost, M.Ed G.G. Weisenfeld, Ed.D. Jennifer K. Duer, Ph.D, “The State of Preschool 2023,” National Institute for Early Education Research NIEER (2024).
  27.  Office of Head Start, Performance Indicator Report, Program Year 2023.
  28. Health Resources & Services Administration, “Home Visiting Program: State Fact Sheets”
  29.  U.S. Department of Education, IDEA Section 618 Data Products: Static Tables Part C Child Count and Settings Table 4
  30.  U.S. Department of Education, IDEA Section 618 Data Products: Static Tables Part B Child Count & Educational Environments Table 2
  31. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Office of Child Care, “GY2024 CCDF Funding Allocations (Based on Appropriations)”
  32. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Head Start Early Childhood Learning & Knowledge Center, “Head Start Program Facts: Fiscal Year 2022”
  33. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Office of Early Childhood Development, “Preschool Development Grant Birth through Five (PDG B-5)”
  34.  Health Resources & Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB),  “FY2023 Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Awards”
  35. U.S. Department of Education, “Fiscal Years 2023-2025 State Tables for the U.S. Department of Education”
  36. U.S. Department of Education, “Fiscal Years 2023-2025 State Tables for the U.S. Department of Education”
  37. Administration on Children and Families (ACF), “FY 2022 Federal TANF & State MOE Financial Data”
  38.  Administration on Children and Families (ACF), “FY 2022 Federal TANF & State MOE Financial Data”
  39. Allison H. Friedman-Krauss, Ph.D. W. Steven Barnett, Ph.D. Katherine S. Hodges, M.A. Karin A. Garver, M.A. Tracy Merriman Jost, M.Ed G.G. Weisenfeld, Ed.D. Jennifer K. Duer, Ph.D, “The State of Preschool 2023,” National Institute for Early Education Research NIEER (2024).
  40.  Administration on Children and Families (ACF), Office of Child Care, “GY2024 CCDF Funding Allocations (Based on Appropriations)”
  41. First Five Years Fund, “ACF Announces New PDG B-5 Grantees Totaling Approximately $300 Million,” (2023).
  42.  U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
  43.  Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Office of Child Care, Approved CCDF Plans (FY 2022-2024)
  44.  Allison H. Friedman-Krauss, Ph.D. W. Steven Barnett, Ph.D. Katherine S. Hodges, M.A. Karin A. Garver, M.A. Tracy Merriman Jost, M.Ed G.G. Weisenfeld, Ed.D. Jennifer K. Duer, Ph.D, “The State of Preschool 2023,” National Institute for Early Education Research NIEER (2024).
  45.  Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Office of Early Childhood Development, PDG B-5 State and Territory Map
  46.  Tax Policy Center, Urban Institute and Brookings Institution, Child and Dependent Care Tax Credits (May 2024).
  47.  Internal Revenue Service, SOI tax stats – Historic Table 2, Tax year 2020: Historic Table 2
  48.   Internal Revenue Service, SOI tax stats – Historic Table 2, Tax year 2021: Historic Table 2
  49.  Congressional Research Service, “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) Expiring Tax Provisions: Economic and Distributional Effects,” (April 2024).
  50.  First Five Years Fund, “Federal Tax Provisions That Support Child Care,” (November 2023). 

National Fact Sheet References

  1. This figure includes beneficiaries of Head Start, Early Head Start, CCDF, MIECHV, state-funded Pre-K, and IDEA Parts B Sec. 619 and C. In some cases, children and families are served by more than one program.
  2.  U.S. Census Bureau, 2022: ACS 5-Year Estimates, Table B09001.
  3.  Sandra Bishop, Ph.D.,  “$122 Billion: The Growing, Annual Cost of the Infant-Toddler Child Care Crisis,” ReadyNation, Council for a Strong America (2023).
  4.  U.S. Census Bureau, 2022: ACS 5-Year Estimates, Table B09001.
  5.  U.S. Census Bureau, 2022: ACS 5-Year Estimates, Table B23008.
  6. Child Care Aware of America, “Price of Care: 2023,” Child Care at a Standstill: Price and Landscape Analysis, (2024).
    • Note: Calculations based on CCAoA annual survey of states, 2019-2023. Based on data from 41 states.
  7.  Ibid.
  8.  Child Care Aware of America, “Price of Care: 2023,” Child Care at a Standstill: Price and Landscape Analysis, (2024).
  9.  Child Care Aware of America, “Price of Care: 2023,” Child Care at a Standstill: Price and Landscape Analysis, (2024).
  10.  Ibid.
  11.  Ibid.
  12.  Ibid.
  13. Ibid.
  14. U.S. Census Bureau, 2022: ACS 1-Year Estimate, Table B09001, ACS 1-Year Estimates Public Use Microdata Sample Data, and Administration for Children and Families (ACF), LIHEAP IM-2020-02 State Median Income Estimates for Optional Use in FY 2020 and Mandatory Use in FY 2021
    • NOTE: This number/percentage is based on federal eligibility guidelines.
  15. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), “FY 2021 Preliminary Data Table 1 – Average Monthly Adjusted Number of Families and Children Served”; Administration for Children and Families (ACF), “FY 2021 Preliminary Data Table 9 – Average Monthly Percentages of Children in Care by Age Group”
  16. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), “FY 2021 Preliminary Data Table 1 – Average Monthly Adjusted Number of Families and Children Served”; Administration for Children and Families (ACF), “FY 2021 Preliminary Data Table 9 – Average Monthly Percentages of Children in Care by Age Group”; Administration for Children and Families (ACF), “LIHEAP IM-2020-02 State Median Income Estimates for Optional Use in FY 2020 and Mandatory Use in FY 2021”; U.S. Census Bureau, 2022: ACS 1-Year Estimate Table B09001; U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 1-Year Estimates, 1-Year Estimates Public Use Microdata Sample
    • NOTE: This number/percentage is based on federal eligibility guidelines. 
  17. U.S Census Bureau, 2022 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate, Table B17001
    • Note on Methodology: Head start eligibility is estimated using the best available data. The Census 2022 ACS 5-year estimate is the most recent and accurate population estimate for children under 6 in poverty. Table B17001 disaggregates the data by age 0 to age 5, age 5, and age 6+. FFYF added the number of children in poverty ages 0 through age 5, and then divided by 6, evenly pro-rating this population of children into single-year age categories. Head Start eligibility is calculated as children ages 3 through 5 living in families with incomes below the federal poverty level.
  18. Office of Head Start, Performance Indicator Report, Program Year 2023.
  19. U.S Census Bureau, 2022 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate, Table B17001; Office of Head Start, Performance Indicator Report, Program Year 2023.
  20. U.S Census Bureau, 2022 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate, Table B17001
    • Note on Methodology: Head start eligibility is estimated using the best available data. The Census 2022 ACS 5-year estimate is the most recent and accurate population estimate for children under 6 in poverty. Table B17001 disaggregates the data by age 0 to age 5, age 5, and age 6+. FFYF added the number of children in poverty ages 0 through age 5, and then divided by 6, evenly pro-rating this population of children into single-year age categories. Early Head Start eligibility is calculated as children ages 0 through 2 living in families with incomes below the federal poverty level.
  21. Office of Head Start, Performance Indicator Report, Program Year 2023. 
  22. U.S Census Bureau, 2022 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate, Table B17001; Office of Head Start, Performance Indicator Report, Program Year 2023.
  23. Allison H. Friedman-Krauss, Ph.D. W. Steven Barnett, Ph.D. Katherine S. Hodges, M.A. Karin A. Garver, M.A. Tracy Merriman Jost, M.Ed G.G. Weisenfeld, Ed.D. Jennifer K. Duer, Ph.D, “The State of Preschool 2023,” National Institute for Early Education Research NIEER (2024).
  24. Allison H. Friedman-Krauss, Ph.D. W. Steven Barnett, Ph.D. Katherine S. Hodges, M.A. Karin A. Garver, M.A. Tracy Merriman Jost, M.Ed G.G. Weisenfeld, Ed.D. Jennifer K. Duer, Ph.D, “The State of Preschool 2023,” National Institute for Early Education Research NIEER (2024).
  25. Office of Head Start, Performance Indicator Report, Program Year 2023.
  26. Health Resources & Services Administration, “Home Visiting Program: State Fact Sheets”
  27.  U.S. Department of Education, IDEA Section 618 Data Products: Static Tables Part C Child Count and Settings Table 4
  28.  U.S. Department of Education, IDEA Section 618 Data Products: Static Tables Part B Child Count & Educational Environments Table 2 
  29. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Office of Child Care, “GY2024 CCDF Funding Allocations (Based on Appropriations)”
  30. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Head Start Early Childhood Learning & Knowledge Center, “Head Start Program Facts: Fiscal Year 2022”
  31. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Office of Early Childhood Development, “Preschool Development Grant Birth through Five (PDG B-5)”
  32.  Health Resources & Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB),  “FY2023 Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Awards”
  33. U.S. Department of Education, “Fiscal Years 2023-2025 State Tables for the U.S. Department of Education”
  34. U.S. Department of Education, “Fiscal Years 2023-2025 State Tables for the U.S. Department of Education”
  35. Administration on Children and Families (ACF), “FY 2022 Federal TANF & State MOE Financial Data”
  36.  Administration on Children and Families (ACF), “FY 2022 Federal TANF & State MOE Financial Data”
  37. Allison H. Friedman-Krauss, Ph.D. W. Steven Barnett, Ph.D. Katherine S. Hodges, M.A. Karin A. Garver, M.A. Tracy Merriman Jost, M.Ed G.G. Weisenfeld, Ed.D. Jennifer K. Duer, Ph.D, “The State of Preschool 2023,” National Institute for Early Education Research NIEER (2024).
  38.  Administration on Children and Families (ACF), Office of Child Care, “GY2024 CCDF Funding Allocations (Based on Appropriations)”
  39. First Five Years Fund, “ACF Announces New PDG B-5 Grantees Totaling Approximately $300 Million,” (2023).
  40. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
  41. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Office of Child Care, Approved CCDF Plans (FY 2022-2024)
  42.  Allison H. Friedman-Krauss, Ph.D. W. Steven Barnett, Ph.D. Katherine S. Hodges, M.A. Karin A. Garver, M.A. Tracy Merriman Jost, M.Ed G.G. Weisenfeld, Ed.D. Jennifer K. Duer, Ph.D, “The State of Preschool 2023,” National Institute for Early Education Research NIEER (2024).
  43. Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Office of Early Childhood Development, 2024 Renewal Grant Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO)
  44. Tax Policy Center, Urban Institute and Brookings Institution, Child and Dependent Care Tax Credits (May 2024).
  45.  Internal Revenue Service, SOI tax stats – Historic Table 2, Tax year 2020: Historic Table 2
  46.   Internal Revenue Service, SOI tax stats – Historic Table 2, Tax year 2021: Historic Table 2
  47.  Congressional Research Service, “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) Expiring Tax Provisions: Economic and Distributional Effects,” (April 2024).
  48.  First Five Years Fund, “Federal Tax Provisions That Support Child Care,” (November 2023).

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